Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption by firms is changing how workers perform their jobs and how work is organised. This reorganisation of tasks will result in changing demand for skills. For example, firms will demand more workers with AI skills, i.e. workers with the knowledge and competencies to actively develop and maintain AI models. However, despite the recent popular interest and policy research on workers with AI skills, these workers represent only a tiny share of overall employment.
Most workers who will work with AI are unlikely to need any AI skills or even knowledge of how AI systems function. Comparatively little research has looked at how AI will change the skills demanded from these workers. This report provides representative estimates of the changing skill demand for occupations exposed to AI, but who do not possess or need AI skills, using online job vacancies across 10 OECD countries over the past decade.
The most demanded skills in occupations with high AI exposure are management, business processes and social skills. Management and business processes contain skills such as project management, budgeting and accounting, administration, clerical tasks and customer support. On average across the 10 OECD countries in the sample, 72% of vacancies in high AI exposure occupations demand at least one management skill and 67% demand at least one business processes skill. Social, emotional and digital skills are also highly demanded with over 50% of vacancies in high-exposure occupations demanding at least one skill from these skill groupings. High-exposure occupations comprise a third of all vacancies in OECD countries in the sample.
The share of vacancies demanding at least one skill from each of these groupings has increased by over five percentage points among high-exposure occupations over the period analysed. Among these high-exposure occupations, the share of vacancies demanding at least one cognitive, emotional or digital skill increased by eight percentage points on average across countries in the sample. For social skills, demand increased by over 6 percentage points, while it increased by over 5 percentage points for business process and management skills.
At the same time, the report finds evidence that the demand for these skills may be falling in establishments more exposed to AI. Using a sample of establishments that better identifies the causal effect of AI exposure, there is evidence of decreasing demand for cognitive, digital, as well as business process and resource management skills in establishments more exposed to AI. To a lesser extent, emotional and communication skills also experienced decreased demand. The magnitudes of these demand changes are small, and they should be viewed in the context of rising demand for these skills overall. However, should AI adoption increase, these results may foretell how skill demand due to AI will evolve.
The report also provides some evidence that AI adoption may increase the demand for some blue-collar skills, possibly through a productivity effect that results in higher demand and spills over to other workers at the establishment. For example, the report finds that higher establishment AI exposure is associated with increased establishment demand for skills related to production and technology, and physical skills.
Chosen excerpts by Job Market Monitor. Read the whole story @ Artificial intelligence and the changing demand for skills in the labour market | en | OECD
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